Unary operators

Unary operators operate on a single operand. They include increment, decrement, sign, and logical NOT.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Unary plus (no effect)	+a
-	Unary minus (negation)	-a
++	Increment by 1	a++ or ++a
--	Decrement by 1	a-- or --a
!	Logical NOT	!flag
~	Bitwise complement	~a

Increment/Decrement:

• Prefix (++a): increments then uses the value.
• Postfix (a++): uses the value then increments.

int x = 5;
System.out.println(++x); // 6 (x becomes 6, then printed)
System.out.println(x++); // 6 (printed, then x becomes 7)
System.out.println(x);   // 7

Unary plus/minus:

int a = 10;
int b = -a; // b = -10
int c = +a; // c = 10 (unary plus does nothing)

Logical NOT:

boolean flag = true;
System.out.println(!flag); // false