Constructor overloading

Constructor overloading means defining multiple constructors with different parameter lists. The appropriate constructor is called based on the arguments passed.

Example:

class Product {
    String name;
    double price;
    int quantity;

    // Constructor 1: no parameters
    Product() {
        this("Unknown", 0.0, 0);
    }

    // Constructor 2: name only
    Product(String name) {
        this(name, 0.0, 0);
    }

    // Constructor 3: name and price
    Product(String name, double price) {
        this(name, price, 0);
    }

    // Constructor 4: all parameters
    Product(String name, double price, int quantity) {
        this.name = name;
        this.price = price;
        this.quantity = quantity;
    }
}

Usage:

Product p1 = new Product();
Product p2 = new Product("Laptop");
Product p3 = new Product("Phone", 599.99);
Product p4 = new Product("Tablet", 299.99, 5);

Benefits:

• Provides flexibility in object creation.
• Allows default values while still offering full initialization.
• Uses this() to avoid code duplication.